Source code for mxnet.gluon.block

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# coding: utf-8
# pylint: disable= arguments-differ
"""Base container class for all neural network models."""
__all__ = ['Block', 'HybridBlock', 'SymbolBlock']

import copy
import warnings

from .. import symbol, ndarray, initializer
from ..symbol import Symbol
from ..ndarray import NDArray
from .. import name as _name
from .parameter import Parameter, ParameterDict, DeferredInitializationError
from .utils import _indent


class _BlockScope(object):
    """Scope for collecting child `Block` s."""
    _current = None

    def __init__(self, block):
        self._block = block
        self._counter = {}
        self._old_scope = None
        self._name_scope = None

    @staticmethod
    def create(prefix, params, hint):
        """Creates prefix and params for new `Block`."""
        current = _BlockScope._current
        if current is None:
            if prefix is None:
                prefix = _name.NameManager.current.get(None, hint) + '_'
            if params is None:
                params = ParameterDict(prefix)
            else:
                params = ParameterDict(params.prefix, params)
            return prefix, params

        if prefix is None:
            count = current._counter.get(hint, 0)
            prefix = '%s%d_'%(hint, count)
            current._counter[hint] = count + 1
        if params is None:
            parent = current._block.params
            params = ParameterDict(parent.prefix+prefix, parent._shared)
        else:
            params = ParameterDict(params.prefix, params)
        return current._block.prefix+prefix, params

    def __enter__(self):
        if self._block._empty_prefix:
            return
        self._old_scope = _BlockScope._current
        _BlockScope._current = self
        self._name_scope = _name.Prefix(self._block.prefix)
        self._name_scope.__enter__()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, ptype, value, trace):
        if self._block._empty_prefix:
            return
        self._name_scope.__exit__(ptype, value, trace)
        self._name_scope = None
        _BlockScope._current = self._old_scope


def _flatten(args):
    if isinstance(args, NDArray):
        return [args], int(0)
    if isinstance(args, Symbol):
        length = len(args.list_outputs())
        length = length if length > 1 else 0
        return [args], int(length)

    assert isinstance(args, (list, tuple)), \
        "HybridBlock input must be (nested) list of Symbol or NDArray, " \
        "but got %s of type %s"%(str(args), str(type(args)))
    flat = []
    fmts = []
    for i in args:
        arg, fmt = _flatten(i)
        flat.extend(arg)
        fmts.append(fmt)
    return flat, fmts


def _regroup(args, fmt):
    if isinstance(fmt, int):
        if fmt == 0:
            return args[0], args[1:]
        return args[:fmt], args[fmt:]

    assert isinstance(args, (list, tuple)), \
        "HybridBlock output must be (nested) list of Symbol or NDArray, " \
        "but got %s of type %s"%(str(args), str(type(args)))
    ret = []
    for i in fmt:
        res, args = _regroup(args, i)
        ret.append(res)
    return ret, args


[docs]class Block(object): """Base class for all neural network layers and models. Your models should subclass this class. :py:class:`Block` can be nested recursively in a tree structure. You can create and assign child :py:class:`Block` as regular attributes:: from mxnet.gluon import Block, nn from mxnet import ndarray as F class Model(Block): def __init__(self, **kwargs): super(Model, self).__init__(**kwargs) # use name_scope to give child Blocks appropriate names. # It also allows sharing Parameters between Blocks recursively. with self.name_scope(): self.dense0 = nn.Dense(20) self.dense1 = nn.Dense(20) def forward(self, x): x = F.relu(self.dense0(x)) return F.relu(self.dense1(x)) model = Model() model.initialize(ctx=mx.cpu(0)) model(F.zeros((10, 10), ctx=mx.cpu(0))) Child :py:class:`Block` assigned this way will be registered and :py:meth:`collect_params` will collect their Parameters recursively. Parameters ---------- prefix : str Prefix acts like a name space. It will be prepended to the names of all Parameters and child :py:class:`Block` s in this :py:class:`Block` 's :py:meth:`name_scope` . Prefix should be unique within one model to prevent name collisions. params : ParameterDict or None :py:class:`ParameterDict` for sharing weights with the new :py:class:`Block`. For example, if you want ``dense1`` to share ``dense0``'s weights, you can do:: dense0 = nn.Dense(20) dense1 = nn.Dense(20, params=dense0.collect_params()) """ def __init__(self, prefix=None, params=None): self._empty_prefix = prefix == '' self._prefix, self._params = _BlockScope.create(prefix, params, self._alias()) self._name = self._prefix[:-1] if self._prefix.endswith('_') else self._prefix self._scope = _BlockScope(self) self._children = [] def __repr__(self): s = '{name}(\n{modstr}\n)' modstr = '\n'.join([' ({key}): {block}'.format(key=key, block=_indent(block.__repr__(), 2)) for key, block in self.__dict__.items() if isinstance(block, Block)]) return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, modstr=modstr)
[docs] def __setattr__(self, name, value): """Registers parameters.""" if hasattr(self, name): existing = getattr(self, name) if isinstance(existing, (Parameter, Block)) and not isinstance(value, type(existing)): raise TypeError('Changing attribute type for {name} from {type1} to {type2}' \ 'is not allowed.'.format(name=name, type1=type(existing), type2=type(value))) if isinstance(existing, Block): for i, c in enumerate(self._children): if c is existing: self._children[i] = value elif isinstance(value, Block): self.register_child(value) elif isinstance(value, Block): self.register_child(value) super(Block, self).__setattr__(name, value)
def _alias(self): return self.__class__.__name__.lower() @property def prefix(self): """Prefix of this :py:class:`Block`.""" return self._prefix @property def name(self): """Name of this :py:class:`Block`, without '_' in the end.""" return self._name
[docs] def name_scope(self): """Returns a name space object managing a child :py:class:`Block` and parameter names. Should be used within a ``with`` statement:: with self.name_scope(): self.dense = nn.Dense(20) """ return self._scope
@property def params(self): """Returns this :py:class:`Block`'s parameter dictionary (does not include its children's parameters).""" return self._params
[docs] def collect_params(self): """Returns a :py:class:`ParameterDict` containing this :py:class:`Block` and all of its children's Parameters.""" ret = ParameterDict(self._params.prefix) ret.update(self.params) for cld in self._children: ret.update(cld.collect_params()) return ret
[docs] def save_params(self, filename): """Save parameters to file. filename : str Path to file. """ self.collect_params().save(filename, strip_prefix=self.prefix)
[docs] def load_params(self, filename, ctx, allow_missing=False, ignore_extra=False): """Load parameters from file. filename : str Path to parameter file. ctx : Context or list of Context Context(s) initialize loaded parameters on. allow_missing : bool, default False Whether to silently skip loading parameters not represents in the file. ignore_extra : bool, default False Whether to silently ignore parameters from the file that are not present in this Block. """ self.collect_params().load(filename, ctx, allow_missing, ignore_extra, self.prefix)
[docs] def register_child(self, block): """Registers block as a child of self. :py:class:`Block` s assigned to self as attributes will be registered automatically.""" self._children.append(block)
[docs] def initialize(self, init=initializer.Uniform(), ctx=None, verbose=False): """Initializes :py:class:`Parameter` s of this :py:class:`Block` and its children. Equivalent to ``block.collect_params().initialize(...)`` """ self.collect_params().initialize(init, ctx, verbose)
[docs] def hybridize(self, active=True): """Activates or deactivates :py:class:`HybridBlock` s recursively. Has no effect on non-hybrid children. Parameters ---------- active : bool, default True Whether to turn hybrid on or off. """ for cld in self._children: cld.hybridize(active)
[docs] def cast(self, dtype): """Cast this Block to use another data type. Parameters ---------- dtype : str or numpy.dtype The new data type. """ for child in self._children: child.cast(dtype) for _, param in self.params.items(): param.cast(dtype)
[docs] def __call__(self, *args): """Calls forward. Only accepts positional arguments.""" return self.forward(*args)
[docs] def forward(self, *args): """Overrides to implement forward computation using :py:class:`NDArray`. Only accepts positional arguments. Parameters ---------- *args : list of NDArray Input tensors. """ # pylint: disable= invalid-name raise NotImplementedError
[docs]class HybridBlock(Block): """`HybridBlock` supports forwarding with both Symbol and NDArray. Forward computation in :py:class:`HybridBlock` must be static to work with :py:class:`Symbol` s, i.e. you cannot call :py:meth:`NDArray.asnumpy`, :py:attr:`NDArray.shape`, :py:attr:`NDArray.dtype`, etc on tensors. Also, you cannot use branching or loop logic that bases on non-constant expressions like random numbers or intermediate results, since they change the graph structure for each iteration. Before activating with :py:meth:`hybridize()`, :py:class:`HybridBlock` works just like normal :py:class:`Block`. After activation, :py:class:`HybridBlock` will create a symbolic graph representing the forward computation and cache it. On subsequent forwards, the cached graph will be used instead of :py:meth:`hybrid_forward`. Refer `Hybrid tutorial `_ to see the end-to-end usage. """ def __init__(self, prefix=None, params=None): super(HybridBlock, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) self._reg_params = {} self._cached_graph = () self._cached_op = None self._cached_op_args = None self._out_format = None self._in_format = None self._active = False
[docs] def __setattr__(self, name, value): """Registers parameters.""" super(HybridBlock, self).__setattr__(name, value) if isinstance(value, HybridBlock): self._clear_cached_op() if isinstance(value, Parameter): assert name not in self._reg_params or \ not isinstance(self._reg_params[name], Parameter), \ "Overriding Parameter attribute %s is not allowed. " \ "Please pass in Parameters by specifying `params` at " \ "Block construction instead." self._reg_params[name] = value
def _get_graph(self, *args): if not self._cached_graph: args, self._in_format = _flatten(args) if len(args) > 1: inputs = [symbol.var('data%d'%i) for i in range(len(args))] else: inputs = [symbol.var('data')] grouped_inputs = _regroup(inputs, self._in_format)[0] params = {i: j.var() for i, j in self._reg_params.items()} with self.name_scope(): out = self.hybrid_forward(symbol, *grouped_inputs, **params) # pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter out, self._out_format = _flatten(out) self._cached_graph = inputs, symbol.Group(out) return self._cached_graph def _build_cache(self, *args): inputs, out = self._get_graph(*args) input_idx = {var.name: i for i, var in enumerate(inputs)} self._cached_op = ndarray.CachedOp(out) params = dict(self.collect_params().items()) # verify graph inputs expected_inputs = set(out.list_inputs()) for name in expected_inputs: assert name in params or name in input_idx, \ "Unknown input to HybridBlock: %s"%name for name, i in input_idx.items(): if name not in expected_inputs: warnings.warn("The %d-th input to HybridBlock is not used by any " "computation. Is this intended?"%i) for name in params: if name not in expected_inputs: warnings.warn("Parameter %s is not used by any computation. " "Is this intended?"%name) self._cached_op_args = [(False, params[name]) if name in params else (True, input_idx[name]) for name in out.list_inputs()] def _finish_deferred_init(self, hybrid, *args): self.infer_shape(*args) if hybrid: for is_arg, i in self._cached_op_args: if not is_arg: i._finish_deferred_init() else: for _, i in self.params.items(): i._finish_deferred_init() def _call_cached_op(self, *args): if self._cached_op is None: self._build_cache(*args) args, fmt = _flatten(args) assert fmt == self._in_format, "Invalid input format" cargs = [args[i] if is_arg else i.data() for is_arg, i in self._cached_op_args] out = self._cached_op(*cargs) if isinstance(out, NDArray): out = [out] return _regroup(out, self._out_format)[0] def _clear_cached_op(self): self._cached_graph = () self._cached_op = None self._cached_op_args = None def register_child(self, block): if not isinstance(block, HybridBlock): raise ValueError( "Children of HybridBlock must also be HybridBlock, " \ "but %s has type %s. If you are using Sequential, " \ "please try HybridSequential instead"%( str(block), str(type(block)))) super(HybridBlock, self).register_child(block) self._clear_cached_op() def hybridize(self, active=True): self._active = active super(HybridBlock, self).hybridize(active) def cast(self, dtype): self._clear_cached_op() super(HybridBlock, self).cast(dtype) def _infer_attrs(self, infer_fn, attr, *args): """Generic infer attributes.""" inputs, out = self._get_graph(*args) args, _ = _flatten(args) arg_attrs, _, aux_attrs = getattr(out, infer_fn)( **{i.name: getattr(j, attr) for i, j in zip(inputs, args)}) sdict = {i: j for i, j in zip(out.list_arguments(), arg_attrs)} sdict.update({name : attr for name, attr in \ zip(out.list_auxiliary_states(), aux_attrs)}) for i in self.collect_params().values(): setattr(i, attr, sdict[i.name])
[docs] def infer_shape(self, *args): """Infers shape of Parameters from inputs.""" self._infer_attrs('infer_shape', 'shape', *args)
[docs] def infer_type(self, *args): """Infers data type of Parameters from inputs.""" self._infer_attrs('infer_type', 'dtype', *args)
[docs] def export(self, path): """Export HybridBlock to json format that can be loaded by `mxnet.mod.Module` or the C++ interface. .. note:: When there are only one input, it will have name `data`. When there Are more than one inputs, they will be named as `data0`, `data1`, etc. Parameters ---------- path : str Path to save model. Two files `path-symbol.json` and `path-0000.params` will be created. """ if not self._cached_graph: raise RuntimeError( "Please first call block.hybridize() and then run forward with " "this block at least once before calling export.") sym = self._cached_graph[1] sym.save('%s-symbol.json'%path) arg_names = set(sym.list_arguments()) aux_names = set(sym.list_auxiliary_states()) arg_dict = {} for name, param in self.collect_params().items(): if name in arg_names: arg_dict['arg:%s'%name] = param._reduce() else: assert name in aux_names arg_dict['aux:%s'%name] = param._reduce() ndarray.save('%s-0000.params'%path, arg_dict)
[docs] def forward(self, x, *args): """Defines the forward computation. Arguments can be either :py:class:`NDArray` or :py:class:`Symbol`.""" if isinstance(x, NDArray): with x.context as ctx: try: if self._active: return self._call_cached_op(x, *args) params = {i: j.data(ctx) for i, j in self._reg_params.items()} except DeferredInitializationError: self._finish_deferred_init(self._active, x, *args) if self._active: return self._call_cached_op(x, *args) params = {i: j.data(ctx) for i, j in self._reg_params.items()} return self.hybrid_forward(ndarray, x, *args, **params) assert isinstance(x, Symbol), \ "HybridBlock requires the first argument to forward be either " \ "Symbol or NDArray, but got %s"%type(x) params = {i: j.var() for i, j in self._reg_params.items()} with self.name_scope(): return self.hybrid_forward(symbol, x, *args, **params)
[docs] def hybrid_forward(self, F, x, *args, **kwargs): """Overrides to construct symbolic graph for this `Block`. Parameters ---------- x : Symbol or NDArray The first input tensor. *args : list of Symbol or list of NDArray Additional input tensors. """ # pylint: disable= invalid-name raise NotImplementedError
[docs]class SymbolBlock(HybridBlock): """Construct block from symbol. This is useful for using pre-trained models as feature extractors. For example, you may want to extract get the output from fc2 layer in AlexNet. Parameters ---------- outputs : Symbol or list of Symbol The desired output for SymbolBlock. inputs : Symbol or list of Symbol The Variables in output's argument that should be used as inputs. params : ParameterDict Parameter dictionary for arguments and auxililary states of outputs that are not inputs. Examples -------- >>> # To extract the feature from fc1 and fc2 layers of AlexNet: >>> alexnet = gluon.model_zoo.vision.alexnet(pretrained=True, ctx=mx.cpu(), prefix='model_') >>> inputs = mx.sym.var('data') >>> out = alexnet(inputs) >>> internals = out.get_internals() >>> print(internals.list_outputs()) ['data', ..., 'model_dense0_relu_fwd_output', ..., 'model_dense1_relu_fwd_output', ...] >>> outputs = [internals['model_dense0_relu_fwd_output'], internals['model_dense1_relu_fwd_output']] >>> # Create SymbolBlock that shares parameters with alexnet >>> feat_model = gluon.SymbolBlock(outputs, inputs, params=alexnet.collect_params()) >>> x = mx.nd.random.normal(shape=(16, 3, 224, 224)) >>> print(feat_model(x)) """ def __init__(self, outputs, inputs, params=None): super(SymbolBlock, self).__init__(prefix=None, params=None) self._prefix = '' self._params = ParameterDict('', params) if isinstance(inputs, symbol.Symbol) and len(inputs.list_outputs()) == 1: inputs = [inputs] if isinstance(outputs, (list, tuple)) and len(outputs) == 1: outputs = outputs[0] syms, self._in_format = _flatten(inputs) out, self._out_format = _flatten(outputs) out = symbol.Group(out) input_names = set() for i in syms: assert len(i.get_internals().list_outputs()) == 1, \ "Input symbols must be variable, but %s is an output of operators"%str(i) input_names.add(i.name) for i in out.list_arguments(): if i not in input_names: self.params.get(i, allow_deferred_init=True) for i in out.list_auxiliary_states(): if i not in input_names: self.params.get(i, grad_req='null', allow_deferred_init=True) self._cached_graph = syms, out self._build_cache() def forward(self, x, *args): if isinstance(x, NDArray): with x.context: try: return self._call_cached_op(x, *args) except DeferredInitializationError: self._finish_deferred_init(True, x, *args) return self._call_cached_op(x, *args) assert isinstance(x, Symbol), \ "HybridBlock requires the first argument to forward be either " \ "Symbol or NDArray, but got %s"%type(x) args, in_fmt = _flatten([x] + list(args)) assert in_fmt == self._in_format, "Invalid input format" ret = copy.copy(self._cached_graph[1]) ret._compose(**{k.name: v for k, v in zip(self._cached_graph[0], args)}) return _regroup(list(ret), self._out_format)[0] def hybrid_forward(self, F, x, *args, **kwargs): raise NotImplementedError