Source code for mxnet.gluon.rnn.rnn_cell

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# coding: utf-8
# pylint: disable=no-member, invalid-name, protected-access, no-self-use
# pylint: disable=too-many-branches, too-many-arguments, no-self-use
# pylint: disable=too-many-lines, arguments-differ
"""Definition of various recurrent neural network cells."""
__all__ = ['RecurrentCell', 'HybridRecurrentCell',
           'RNNCell', 'LSTMCell', 'GRUCell',
           'SequentialRNNCell', 'HybridSequentialRNNCell', 'DropoutCell',
           'ModifierCell', 'ZoneoutCell', 'ResidualCell',
           'BidirectionalCell']

from ... import symbol, ndarray
from ...base import string_types, numeric_types, _as_list
from ..block import Block, HybridBlock
from ..utils import _indent
from .. import tensor_types
from ..nn import LeakyReLU


def _cells_state_info(cells, batch_size):
    return sum([c.state_info(batch_size) for c in cells], [])

def _cells_begin_state(cells, **kwargs):
    return sum([c.begin_state(**kwargs) for c in cells], [])

def _get_begin_state(cell, F, begin_state, inputs, batch_size):
    if begin_state is None:
        if F is ndarray:
            ctx = inputs.context if isinstance(inputs, tensor_types) else inputs[0].context
            with ctx:
                begin_state = cell.begin_state(func=F.zeros, batch_size=batch_size)
        else:
            begin_state = cell.begin_state(func=F.zeros, batch_size=batch_size)
    return begin_state

def _format_sequence(length, inputs, layout, merge, in_layout=None):
    assert inputs is not None, \
        "unroll(inputs=None) has been deprecated. " \
        "Please create input variables outside unroll."

    axis = layout.find('T')
    batch_axis = layout.find('N')
    batch_size = 0
    in_axis = in_layout.find('T') if in_layout is not None else axis
    if isinstance(inputs, symbol.Symbol):
        F = symbol
        if merge is False:
            assert len(inputs.list_outputs()) == 1, \
                "unroll doesn't allow grouped symbol as input. Please convert " \
                "to list with list(inputs) first or let unroll handle splitting."
            inputs = list(symbol.split(inputs, axis=in_axis, num_outputs=length,
                                       squeeze_axis=1))
    elif isinstance(inputs, ndarray.NDArray):
        F = ndarray
        batch_size = inputs.shape[batch_axis]
        if merge is False:
            assert length is None or length == inputs.shape[in_axis]
            inputs = _as_list(ndarray.split(inputs, axis=in_axis,
                                            num_outputs=inputs.shape[in_axis],
                                            squeeze_axis=1))
    else:
        assert length is None or len(inputs) == length
        if isinstance(inputs[0], symbol.Symbol):
            F = symbol
        else:
            F = ndarray
            batch_size = inputs[0].shape[0]
        if merge is True:
            inputs = F.stack(*inputs, axis=axis)
            in_axis = axis

    if isinstance(inputs, tensor_types) and axis != in_axis:
        inputs = F.swapaxes(inputs, dim1=axis, dim2=in_axis)

    return inputs, axis, F, batch_size

def _mask_sequence_variable_length(F, data, length, valid_length, time_axis, merge):
    assert valid_length is not None
    if not isinstance(data, tensor_types):
        data = F.stack(*data, axis=time_axis)
    outputs = F.SequenceMask(data, sequence_length=valid_length, use_sequence_length=True,
                             axis=time_axis)
    if not merge:
        outputs = _as_list(F.split(outputs, num_outputs=length, axis=time_axis,
                                   squeeze_axis=True))
    return outputs

[docs]class RecurrentCell(Block): """Abstract base class for RNN cells Parameters ---------- prefix : str, optional Prefix for names of `Block`s (this prefix is also used for names of weights if `params` is `None` i.e. if `params` are being created and not reused) params : Parameter or None, default None Container for weight sharing between cells. A new Parameter container is created if `params` is `None`. """ def __init__(self, prefix=None, params=None): super(RecurrentCell, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) self._modified = False self.reset()
[docs] def reset(self): """Reset before re-using the cell for another graph.""" self._init_counter = -1 self._counter = -1 for cell in self._children.values(): cell.reset()
[docs] def state_info(self, batch_size=0): """shape and layout information of states""" raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def begin_state(self, batch_size=0, func=ndarray.zeros, **kwargs): """Initial state for this cell. Parameters ---------- func : callable, default symbol.zeros Function for creating initial state. For Symbol API, func can be `symbol.zeros`, `symbol.uniform`, `symbol.var etc`. Use `symbol.var` if you want to directly feed input as states. For NDArray API, func can be `ndarray.zeros`, `ndarray.ones`, etc. batch_size: int, default 0 Only required for NDArray API. Size of the batch ('N' in layout) dimension of input. **kwargs : Additional keyword arguments passed to func. For example `mean`, `std`, `dtype`, etc. Returns ------- states : nested list of Symbol Starting states for the first RNN step. """ assert not self._modified, \ "After applying modifier cells (e.g. ZoneoutCell) the base " \ "cell cannot be called directly. Call the modifier cell instead." states = [] for info in self.state_info(batch_size): self._init_counter += 1 if info is not None: info.update(kwargs) else: info = kwargs state = func(name='%sbegin_state_%d'%(self._prefix, self._init_counter), **info) states.append(state) return states
[docs] def unroll(self, length, inputs, begin_state=None, layout='NTC', merge_outputs=None, valid_length=None): """Unrolls an RNN cell across time steps. Parameters ---------- length : int Number of steps to unroll. inputs : Symbol, list of Symbol, or None If `inputs` is a single Symbol (usually the output of Embedding symbol), it should have shape (batch_size, length, ...) if `layout` is 'NTC', or (length, batch_size, ...) if `layout` is 'TNC'. If `inputs` is a list of symbols (usually output of previous unroll), they should all have shape (batch_size, ...). begin_state : nested list of Symbol, optional Input states created by `begin_state()` or output state of another cell. Created from `begin_state()` if `None`. layout : str, optional `layout` of input symbol. Only used if inputs is a single Symbol. merge_outputs : bool, optional If `False`, returns outputs as a list of Symbols. If `True`, concatenates output across time steps and returns a single symbol with shape (batch_size, length, ...) if layout is 'NTC', or (length, batch_size, ...) if layout is 'TNC'. If `None`, output whatever is faster. valid_length : Symbol, NDArray or None `valid_length` specifies the length of the sequences in the batch without padding. This option is especially useful for building sequence-to-sequence models where the input and output sequences would potentially be padded. If `valid_length` is None, all sequences are assumed to have the same length. If `valid_length` is a Symbol or NDArray, it should have shape (batch_size,). The ith element will be the length of the ith sequence in the batch. The last valid state will be return and the padded outputs will be masked with 0. Note that `valid_length` must be smaller or equal to `length`. Returns ------- outputs : list of Symbol or Symbol Symbol (if `merge_outputs` is True) or list of Symbols (if `merge_outputs` is False) corresponding to the output from the RNN from this unrolling. states : list of Symbol The new state of this RNN after this unrolling. The type of this symbol is same as the output of `begin_state()`. """ # pylint: disable=too-many-locals self.reset() inputs, axis, F, batch_size = _format_sequence(length, inputs, layout, False) begin_state = _get_begin_state(self, F, begin_state, inputs, batch_size) states = begin_state outputs = [] all_states = [] for i in range(length): output, states = self(inputs[i], states) outputs.append(output) if valid_length is not None: all_states.append(states) if valid_length is not None: states = [F.SequenceLast(F.stack(*ele_list, axis=0), sequence_length=valid_length, use_sequence_length=True, axis=0) for ele_list in zip(*all_states)] outputs = _mask_sequence_variable_length(F, outputs, length, valid_length, axis, True) outputs, _, _, _ = _format_sequence(length, outputs, layout, merge_outputs) return outputs, states
#pylint: disable=no-self-use def _get_activation(self, F, inputs, activation, **kwargs): """Get activation function. Convert if is string""" func = {'tanh': F.tanh, 'relu': F.relu, 'sigmoid': F.sigmoid, 'softsign': F.softsign}.get(activation) if func: return func(inputs, **kwargs) elif isinstance(activation, string_types): return F.Activation(inputs, act_type=activation, **kwargs) elif isinstance(activation, LeakyReLU): return F.LeakyReLU(inputs, act_type='leaky', slope=activation._alpha, **kwargs) return activation(inputs, **kwargs)
[docs] def forward(self, inputs, states): """Unrolls the recurrent cell for one time step. Parameters ---------- inputs : sym.Variable Input symbol, 2D, of shape (batch_size * num_units). states : list of sym.Variable RNN state from previous step or the output of begin_state(). Returns ------- output : Symbol Symbol corresponding to the output from the RNN when unrolling for a single time step. states : list of Symbol The new state of this RNN after this unrolling. The type of this symbol is same as the output of `begin_state()`. This can be used as an input state to the next time step of this RNN. See Also -------- begin_state: This function can provide the states for the first time step. unroll: This function unrolls an RNN for a given number of (>=1) time steps. """ # pylint: disable= arguments-differ self._counter += 1 return super(RecurrentCell, self).forward(inputs, states)
[docs]class HybridRecurrentCell(RecurrentCell, HybridBlock): """HybridRecurrentCell supports hybridize.""" def __init__(self, prefix=None, params=None): super(HybridRecurrentCell, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) def hybrid_forward(self, F, x, *args, **kwargs): raise NotImplementedError
[docs]class RNNCell(HybridRecurrentCell): r"""Elman RNN recurrent neural network cell. Each call computes the following function: .. math:: h_t = \tanh(w_{ih} * x_t + b_{ih} + w_{hh} * h_{(t-1)} + b_{hh}) where :math:`h_t` is the hidden state at time `t`, and :math:`x_t` is the hidden state of the previous layer at time `t` or :math:`input_t` for the first layer. If nonlinearity='relu', then `ReLU` is used instead of `tanh`. Parameters ---------- hidden_size : int Number of units in output symbol activation : str or Symbol, default 'tanh' Type of activation function. i2h_weight_initializer : str or Initializer Initializer for the input weights matrix, used for the linear transformation of the inputs. h2h_weight_initializer : str or Initializer Initializer for the recurrent weights matrix, used for the linear transformation of the recurrent state. i2h_bias_initializer : str or Initializer, default 'zeros' Initializer for the bias vector. h2h_bias_initializer : str or Initializer, default 'zeros' Initializer for the bias vector. prefix : str, default ``'rnn_'`` Prefix for name of `Block`s (and name of weight if params is `None`). params : Parameter or None Container for weight sharing between cells. Created if `None`. Inputs: - **data**: input tensor with shape `(batch_size, input_size)`. - **states**: a list of one initial recurrent state tensor with shape `(batch_size, num_hidden)`. Outputs: - **out**: output tensor with shape `(batch_size, num_hidden)`. - **next_states**: a list of one output recurrent state tensor with the same shape as `states`. """ def __init__(self, hidden_size, activation='tanh', i2h_weight_initializer=None, h2h_weight_initializer=None, i2h_bias_initializer='zeros', h2h_bias_initializer='zeros', input_size=0, prefix=None, params=None): super(RNNCell, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) self._hidden_size = hidden_size self._activation = activation self._input_size = input_size self.i2h_weight = self.params.get('i2h_weight', shape=(hidden_size, input_size), init=i2h_weight_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.h2h_weight = self.params.get('h2h_weight', shape=(hidden_size, hidden_size), init=h2h_weight_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.i2h_bias = self.params.get('i2h_bias', shape=(hidden_size,), init=i2h_bias_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.h2h_bias = self.params.get('h2h_bias', shape=(hidden_size,), init=h2h_bias_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return [{'shape': (batch_size, self._hidden_size), '__layout__': 'NC'}] def _alias(self): return 'rnn' def __repr__(self): s = '{name}({mapping}' if hasattr(self, '_activation'): s += ', {_activation}' s += ')' shape = self.i2h_weight.shape mapping = '{0} -> {1}'.format(shape[1] if shape[1] else None, shape[0]) return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, mapping=mapping, **self.__dict__) def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states, i2h_weight, h2h_weight, i2h_bias, h2h_bias): prefix = 't%d_'%self._counter i2h = F.FullyConnected(data=inputs, weight=i2h_weight, bias=i2h_bias, num_hidden=self._hidden_size, name=prefix+'i2h') h2h = F.FullyConnected(data=states[0], weight=h2h_weight, bias=h2h_bias, num_hidden=self._hidden_size, name=prefix+'h2h') i2h_plus_h2h = F.elemwise_add(i2h, h2h, name=prefix+'plus0') output = self._get_activation(F, i2h_plus_h2h, self._activation, name=prefix+'out') return output, [output]
[docs]class LSTMCell(HybridRecurrentCell): r"""Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network cell. Each call computes the following function: .. math:: \begin{array}{ll} i_t = sigmoid(W_{ii} x_t + b_{ii} + W_{hi} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hi}) \\ f_t = sigmoid(W_{if} x_t + b_{if} + W_{hf} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hf}) \\ g_t = \tanh(W_{ig} x_t + b_{ig} + W_{hc} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hg}) \\ o_t = sigmoid(W_{io} x_t + b_{io} + W_{ho} h_{(t-1)} + b_{ho}) \\ c_t = f_t * c_{(t-1)} + i_t * g_t \\ h_t = o_t * \tanh(c_t) \end{array} where :math:`h_t` is the hidden state at time `t`, :math:`c_t` is the cell state at time `t`, :math:`x_t` is the hidden state of the previous layer at time `t` or :math:`input_t` for the first layer, and :math:`i_t`, :math:`f_t`, :math:`g_t`, :math:`o_t` are the input, forget, cell, and out gates, respectively. Parameters ---------- hidden_size : int Number of units in output symbol. i2h_weight_initializer : str or Initializer Initializer for the input weights matrix, used for the linear transformation of the inputs. h2h_weight_initializer : str or Initializer Initializer for the recurrent weights matrix, used for the linear transformation of the recurrent state. i2h_bias_initializer : str or Initializer, default 'zeros' Initializer for the bias vector. h2h_bias_initializer : str or Initializer, default 'zeros' Initializer for the bias vector. prefix : str, default ``'lstm_'`` Prefix for name of `Block`s (and name of weight if params is `None`). params : Parameter or None, default None Container for weight sharing between cells. Created if `None`. activation : str, default 'tanh' Activation type to use. See nd/symbol Activation for supported types. recurrent_activation : str, default 'sigmoid' Activation type to use for the recurrent step. See nd/symbol Activation for supported types. Inputs: - **data**: input tensor with shape `(batch_size, input_size)`. - **states**: a list of two initial recurrent state tensors. Each has shape `(batch_size, num_hidden)`. Outputs: - **out**: output tensor with shape `(batch_size, num_hidden)`. - **next_states**: a list of two output recurrent state tensors. Each has the same shape as `states`. """ # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes def __init__(self, hidden_size, i2h_weight_initializer=None, h2h_weight_initializer=None, i2h_bias_initializer='zeros', h2h_bias_initializer='zeros', input_size=0, prefix=None, params=None, activation='tanh', recurrent_activation='sigmoid'): super(LSTMCell, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) self._hidden_size = hidden_size self._input_size = input_size self.i2h_weight = self.params.get('i2h_weight', shape=(4*hidden_size, input_size), init=i2h_weight_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.h2h_weight = self.params.get('h2h_weight', shape=(4*hidden_size, hidden_size), init=h2h_weight_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.i2h_bias = self.params.get('i2h_bias', shape=(4*hidden_size,), init=i2h_bias_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.h2h_bias = self.params.get('h2h_bias', shape=(4*hidden_size,), init=h2h_bias_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self._activation = activation self._recurrent_activation = recurrent_activation def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return [{'shape': (batch_size, self._hidden_size), '__layout__': 'NC'}, {'shape': (batch_size, self._hidden_size), '__layout__': 'NC'}] def _alias(self): return 'lstm' def __repr__(self): s = '{name}({mapping})' shape = self.i2h_weight.shape mapping = '{0} -> {1}'.format(shape[1] if shape[1] else None, shape[0]) return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, mapping=mapping, **self.__dict__) def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states, i2h_weight, h2h_weight, i2h_bias, h2h_bias): # pylint: disable=too-many-locals prefix = 't%d_'%self._counter i2h = F.FullyConnected(data=inputs, weight=i2h_weight, bias=i2h_bias, num_hidden=self._hidden_size*4, name=prefix+'i2h') h2h = F.FullyConnected(data=states[0], weight=h2h_weight, bias=h2h_bias, num_hidden=self._hidden_size*4, name=prefix+'h2h') gates = F.elemwise_add(i2h, h2h, name=prefix+'plus0') slice_gates = F.SliceChannel(gates, num_outputs=4, name=prefix+'slice') in_gate = self._get_activation( F, slice_gates[0], self._recurrent_activation, name=prefix+'i') forget_gate = self._get_activation( F, slice_gates[1], self._recurrent_activation, name=prefix+'f') in_transform = self._get_activation( F, slice_gates[2], self._activation, name=prefix+'c') out_gate = self._get_activation( F, slice_gates[3], self._recurrent_activation, name=prefix+'o') next_c = F._internal._plus(F.elemwise_mul(forget_gate, states[1], name=prefix+'mul0'), F.elemwise_mul(in_gate, in_transform, name=prefix+'mul1'), name=prefix+'state') next_h = F._internal._mul(out_gate, F.Activation(next_c, act_type=self._activation, name=prefix+'activation0'), name=prefix+'out') return next_h, [next_h, next_c]
[docs]class GRUCell(HybridRecurrentCell): r"""Gated Rectified Unit (GRU) network cell. Note: this is an implementation of the cuDNN version of GRUs (slight modification compared to Cho et al. 2014; the reset gate :math:`r_t` is applied after matrix multiplication). Each call computes the following function: .. math:: \begin{array}{ll} r_t = sigmoid(W_{ir} x_t + b_{ir} + W_{hr} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hr}) \\ i_t = sigmoid(W_{ii} x_t + b_{ii} + W_{hi} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hi}) \\ n_t = \tanh(W_{in} x_t + b_{in} + r_t * (W_{hn} h_{(t-1)} + b_{hn})) \\ h_t = (1 - i_t) * n_t + i_t * h_{(t-1)} \\ \end{array} where :math:`h_t` is the hidden state at time `t`, :math:`x_t` is the hidden state of the previous layer at time `t` or :math:`input_t` for the first layer, and :math:`r_t`, :math:`i_t`, :math:`n_t` are the reset, input, and new gates, respectively. Parameters ---------- hidden_size : int Number of units in output symbol. i2h_weight_initializer : str or Initializer Initializer for the input weights matrix, used for the linear transformation of the inputs. h2h_weight_initializer : str or Initializer Initializer for the recurrent weights matrix, used for the linear transformation of the recurrent state. i2h_bias_initializer : str or Initializer, default 'zeros' Initializer for the bias vector. h2h_bias_initializer : str or Initializer, default 'zeros' Initializer for the bias vector. prefix : str, default ``'gru_'`` prefix for name of `Block`s (and name of weight if params is `None`). params : Parameter or None, default None Container for weight sharing between cells. Created if `None`. Inputs: - **data**: input tensor with shape `(batch_size, input_size)`. - **states**: a list of one initial recurrent state tensor with shape `(batch_size, num_hidden)`. Outputs: - **out**: output tensor with shape `(batch_size, num_hidden)`. - **next_states**: a list of one output recurrent state tensor with the same shape as `states`. """ def __init__(self, hidden_size, i2h_weight_initializer=None, h2h_weight_initializer=None, i2h_bias_initializer='zeros', h2h_bias_initializer='zeros', input_size=0, prefix=None, params=None): super(GRUCell, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) self._hidden_size = hidden_size self._input_size = input_size self.i2h_weight = self.params.get('i2h_weight', shape=(3*hidden_size, input_size), init=i2h_weight_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.h2h_weight = self.params.get('h2h_weight', shape=(3*hidden_size, hidden_size), init=h2h_weight_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.i2h_bias = self.params.get('i2h_bias', shape=(3*hidden_size,), init=i2h_bias_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) self.h2h_bias = self.params.get('h2h_bias', shape=(3*hidden_size,), init=h2h_bias_initializer, allow_deferred_init=True) def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return [{'shape': (batch_size, self._hidden_size), '__layout__': 'NC'}] def _alias(self): return 'gru' def __repr__(self): s = '{name}({mapping})' shape = self.i2h_weight.shape mapping = '{0} -> {1}'.format(shape[1] if shape[1] else None, shape[0]) return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, mapping=mapping, **self.__dict__) def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states, i2h_weight, h2h_weight, i2h_bias, h2h_bias): # pylint: disable=too-many-locals prefix = 't%d_'%self._counter prev_state_h = states[0] i2h = F.FullyConnected(data=inputs, weight=i2h_weight, bias=i2h_bias, num_hidden=self._hidden_size * 3, name=prefix+'i2h') h2h = F.FullyConnected(data=prev_state_h, weight=h2h_weight, bias=h2h_bias, num_hidden=self._hidden_size * 3, name=prefix+'h2h') i2h_r, i2h_z, i2h = F.SliceChannel(i2h, num_outputs=3, name=prefix+'i2h_slice') h2h_r, h2h_z, h2h = F.SliceChannel(h2h, num_outputs=3, name=prefix+'h2h_slice') reset_gate = F.Activation(F.elemwise_add(i2h_r, h2h_r, name=prefix+'plus0'), act_type="sigmoid", name=prefix+'r_act') update_gate = F.Activation(F.elemwise_add(i2h_z, h2h_z, name=prefix+'plus1'), act_type="sigmoid", name=prefix+'z_act') next_h_tmp = F.Activation(F.elemwise_add(i2h, F.elemwise_mul(reset_gate, h2h, name=prefix+'mul0'), name=prefix+'plus2'), act_type="tanh", name=prefix+'h_act') ones = F.ones_like(update_gate, name=prefix+"ones_like0") next_h = F._internal._plus(F.elemwise_mul(F.elemwise_sub(ones, update_gate, name=prefix+'minus0'), next_h_tmp, name=prefix+'mul1'), F.elemwise_mul(update_gate, prev_state_h, name=prefix+'mul20'), name=prefix+'out') return next_h, [next_h]
[docs]class SequentialRNNCell(RecurrentCell): """Sequentially stacking multiple RNN cells.""" def __init__(self, prefix=None, params=None): super(SequentialRNNCell, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) def __repr__(self): s = '{name}(\n{modstr}\n)' return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, modstr='\n'.join(['({i}): {m}'.format(i=i, m=_indent(m.__repr__(), 2)) for i, m in self._children.items()]))
[docs] def add(self, cell): """Appends a cell into the stack. Parameters ---------- cell : RecurrentCell The cell to add. """ self.register_child(cell)
def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return _cells_state_info(self._children.values(), batch_size) def begin_state(self, **kwargs): assert not self._modified, \ "After applying modifier cells (e.g. ZoneoutCell) the base " \ "cell cannot be called directly. Call the modifier cell instead." return _cells_begin_state(self._children.values(), **kwargs) def __call__(self, inputs, states): self._counter += 1 next_states = [] p = 0 assert all(not isinstance(cell, BidirectionalCell) for cell in self._children.values()) for cell in self._children.values(): assert not isinstance(cell, BidirectionalCell) n = len(cell.state_info()) state = states[p:p+n] p += n inputs, state = cell(inputs, state) next_states.append(state) return inputs, sum(next_states, []) def unroll(self, length, inputs, begin_state=None, layout='NTC', merge_outputs=None, valid_length=None): # pylint: disable=too-many-locals self.reset() inputs, _, F, batch_size = _format_sequence(length, inputs, layout, None) num_cells = len(self._children) begin_state = _get_begin_state(self, F, begin_state, inputs, batch_size) p = 0 next_states = [] for i, cell in enumerate(self._children.values()): n = len(cell.state_info()) states = begin_state[p:p+n] p += n inputs, states = cell.unroll(length, inputs=inputs, begin_state=states, layout=layout, merge_outputs=None if i < num_cells-1 else merge_outputs, valid_length=valid_length) next_states.extend(states) return inputs, next_states def __getitem__(self, i): return self._children[str(i)] def __len__(self): return len(self._children) def hybrid_forward(self, *args, **kwargs): # pylint: disable=missing-docstring raise NotImplementedError
[docs]class HybridSequentialRNNCell(HybridRecurrentCell): """Sequentially stacking multiple HybridRNN cells.""" def __init__(self, prefix=None, params=None): super(HybridSequentialRNNCell, self).__init__(prefix=prefix, params=params) def __repr__(self): s = '{name}(\n{modstr}\n)' return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, modstr='\n'.join(['({i}): {m}'.format(i=i, m=_indent(m.__repr__(), 2)) for i, m in self._children.items()]))
[docs] def add(self, cell): """Appends a cell into the stack. Parameters ---------- cell : RecurrentCell The cell to add. """ self.register_child(cell)
def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return _cells_state_info(self._children.values(), batch_size) def begin_state(self, **kwargs): assert not self._modified, \ "After applying modifier cells (e.g. ZoneoutCell) the base " \ "cell cannot be called directly. Call the modifier cell instead." return _cells_begin_state(self._children.values(), **kwargs) def __call__(self, inputs, states): self._counter += 1 next_states = [] p = 0 assert all(not isinstance(cell, BidirectionalCell) for cell in self._children.values()) for cell in self._children.values(): n = len(cell.state_info()) state = states[p:p+n] p += n inputs, state = cell(inputs, state) next_states.append(state) return inputs, sum(next_states, []) def unroll(self, length, inputs, begin_state=None, layout='NTC', merge_outputs=None, valid_length=None): self.reset() inputs, _, F, batch_size = _format_sequence(length, inputs, layout, None) num_cells = len(self._children) begin_state = _get_begin_state(self, F, begin_state, inputs, batch_size) p = 0 next_states = [] for i, cell in enumerate(self._children.values()): n = len(cell.state_info()) states = begin_state[p:p+n] p += n inputs, states = cell.unroll(length, inputs=inputs, begin_state=states, layout=layout, merge_outputs=None if i < num_cells-1 else merge_outputs, valid_length=valid_length) next_states.extend(states) return inputs, next_states def __getitem__(self, i): return self._children[str(i)] def __len__(self): return len(self._children) def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states): return self.__call__(inputs, states)
[docs]class DropoutCell(HybridRecurrentCell): """Applies dropout on input. Parameters ---------- rate : float Percentage of elements to drop out, which is 1 - percentage to retain. axes : tuple of int, default () The axes on which dropout mask is shared. If empty, regular dropout is applied. Inputs: - **data**: input tensor with shape `(batch_size, size)`. - **states**: a list of recurrent state tensors. Outputs: - **out**: output tensor with shape `(batch_size, size)`. - **next_states**: returns input `states` directly. """ def __init__(self, rate, axes=(), prefix=None, params=None): super(DropoutCell, self).__init__(prefix, params) assert isinstance(rate, numeric_types), "rate must be a number" self._rate = rate self._axes = axes def __repr__(self): s = '{name}(rate={_rate}, axes={_axes})' return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, **self.__dict__) def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return [] def _alias(self): return 'dropout' def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states): if self._rate > 0: inputs = F.Dropout(data=inputs, p=self._rate, axes=self._axes, name='t%d_fwd'%self._counter) return inputs, states def unroll(self, length, inputs, begin_state=None, layout='NTC', merge_outputs=None, valid_length=None): self.reset() inputs, _, F, _ = _format_sequence(length, inputs, layout, merge_outputs) if isinstance(inputs, tensor_types): return self.hybrid_forward(F, inputs, begin_state if begin_state else []) return super(DropoutCell, self).unroll( length, inputs, begin_state=begin_state, layout=layout, merge_outputs=merge_outputs, valid_length=None)
[docs]class ModifierCell(HybridRecurrentCell): """Base class for modifier cells. A modifier cell takes a base cell, apply modifications on it (e.g. Zoneout), and returns a new cell. After applying modifiers the base cell should no longer be called directly. The modifier cell should be used instead. """ def __init__(self, base_cell): assert not base_cell._modified, \ "Cell %s is already modified. One cell cannot be modified twice"%base_cell.name base_cell._modified = True super(ModifierCell, self).__init__(prefix=base_cell.prefix+self._alias(), params=None) self.base_cell = base_cell @property def params(self): return self.base_cell.params def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return self.base_cell.state_info(batch_size) def begin_state(self, func=symbol.zeros, **kwargs): assert not self._modified, \ "After applying modifier cells (e.g. DropoutCell) the base " \ "cell cannot be called directly. Call the modifier cell instead." self.base_cell._modified = False begin = self.base_cell.begin_state(func=func, **kwargs) self.base_cell._modified = True return begin def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states): raise NotImplementedError def __repr__(self): s = '{name}({base_cell})' return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, **self.__dict__)
[docs]class ZoneoutCell(ModifierCell): """Applies Zoneout on base cell.""" def __init__(self, base_cell, zoneout_outputs=0., zoneout_states=0.): assert not isinstance(base_cell, BidirectionalCell), \ "BidirectionalCell doesn't support zoneout since it doesn't support step. " \ "Please add ZoneoutCell to the cells underneath instead." assert not isinstance(base_cell, SequentialRNNCell) or not base_cell._bidirectional, \ "Bidirectional SequentialRNNCell doesn't support zoneout. " \ "Please add ZoneoutCell to the cells underneath instead." super(ZoneoutCell, self).__init__(base_cell) self.zoneout_outputs = zoneout_outputs self.zoneout_states = zoneout_states self._prev_output = None def __repr__(self): s = '{name}(p_out={zoneout_outputs}, p_state={zoneout_states}, {base_cell})' return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, **self.__dict__) def _alias(self): return 'zoneout' def reset(self): super(ZoneoutCell, self).reset() self._prev_output = None def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states): cell, p_outputs, p_states = self.base_cell, self.zoneout_outputs, self.zoneout_states next_output, next_states = cell(inputs, states) mask = (lambda p, like: F.Dropout(F.ones_like(like), p=p)) prev_output = self._prev_output if prev_output is None: prev_output = F.zeros_like(next_output) output = (F.where(mask(p_outputs, next_output), next_output, prev_output) if p_outputs != 0. else next_output) states = ([F.where(mask(p_states, new_s), new_s, old_s) for new_s, old_s in zip(next_states, states)] if p_states != 0. else next_states) self._prev_output = output return output, states
[docs]class ResidualCell(ModifierCell): """ Adds residual connection as described in Wu et al, 2016 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08144). Output of the cell is output of the base cell plus input. """ def __init__(self, base_cell): # pylint: disable=useless-super-delegation super(ResidualCell, self).__init__(base_cell) def hybrid_forward(self, F, inputs, states): output, states = self.base_cell(inputs, states) output = F.elemwise_add(output, inputs, name='t%d_fwd'%self._counter) return output, states def unroll(self, length, inputs, begin_state=None, layout='NTC', merge_outputs=None, valid_length=None): self.reset() self.base_cell._modified = False outputs, states = self.base_cell.unroll(length, inputs=inputs, begin_state=begin_state, layout=layout, merge_outputs=merge_outputs, valid_length=valid_length) self.base_cell._modified = True merge_outputs = isinstance(outputs, tensor_types) if merge_outputs is None else \ merge_outputs inputs, axis, F, _ = _format_sequence(length, inputs, layout, merge_outputs) if valid_length is not None: # mask the padded inputs to zero inputs = _mask_sequence_variable_length(F, inputs, length, valid_length, axis, merge_outputs) if merge_outputs: outputs = F.elemwise_add(outputs, inputs) else: outputs = [F.elemwise_add(i, j) for i, j in zip(outputs, inputs)] return outputs, states
[docs]class BidirectionalCell(HybridRecurrentCell): """Bidirectional RNN cell. Parameters ---------- l_cell : RecurrentCell Cell for forward unrolling r_cell : RecurrentCell Cell for backward unrolling """ def __init__(self, l_cell, r_cell, output_prefix='bi_'): super(BidirectionalCell, self).__init__(prefix='', params=None) self.register_child(l_cell, 'l_cell') self.register_child(r_cell, 'r_cell') self._output_prefix = output_prefix def __call__(self, inputs, states): raise NotImplementedError("Bidirectional cannot be stepped. Please use unroll") def __repr__(self): s = '{name}(forward={l_cell}, backward={r_cell})' return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, l_cell=self._children['l_cell'], r_cell=self._children['r_cell']) def state_info(self, batch_size=0): return _cells_state_info(self._children.values(), batch_size) def begin_state(self, **kwargs): assert not self._modified, \ "After applying modifier cells (e.g. DropoutCell) the base " \ "cell cannot be called directly. Call the modifier cell instead." return _cells_begin_state(self._children.values(), **kwargs) def unroll(self, length, inputs, begin_state=None, layout='NTC', merge_outputs=None, valid_length=None): # pylint: disable=too-many-locals self.reset() inputs, axis, F, batch_size = _format_sequence(length, inputs, layout, False) if valid_length is None: reversed_inputs = list(reversed(inputs)) else: reversed_inputs = F.SequenceReverse(F.stack(*inputs, axis=0), sequence_length=valid_length, use_sequence_length=True) reversed_inputs = _as_list(F.split(reversed_inputs, axis=0, num_outputs=length, squeeze_axis=True)) begin_state = _get_begin_state(self, F, begin_state, inputs, batch_size) states = begin_state l_cell, r_cell = self._children.values() l_outputs, l_states = l_cell.unroll(length, inputs=inputs, begin_state=states[:len(l_cell.state_info(batch_size))], layout=layout, merge_outputs=merge_outputs, valid_length=valid_length) r_outputs, r_states = r_cell.unroll(length, inputs=reversed_inputs, begin_state=states[len(l_cell.state_info(batch_size)):], layout=layout, merge_outputs=False, valid_length=valid_length) if valid_length is None: reversed_r_outputs = list(reversed(r_outputs)) else: reversed_r_outputs = F.SequenceReverse(F.stack(*r_outputs, axis=0), sequence_length=valid_length, use_sequence_length=True, axis=0) reversed_r_outputs = _as_list(F.split(reversed_r_outputs, axis=0, num_outputs=length, squeeze_axis=True)) if merge_outputs is None: merge_outputs = isinstance(l_outputs, tensor_types) l_outputs, _, _, _ = _format_sequence(None, l_outputs, layout, merge_outputs) reversed_r_outputs, _, _, _ = _format_sequence(None, reversed_r_outputs, layout, merge_outputs) if merge_outputs: reversed_r_outputs = F.stack(*reversed_r_outputs, axis=axis) outputs = F.concat(l_outputs, reversed_r_outputs, dim=2, name='%sout'%self._output_prefix) else: outputs = [F.concat(l_o, r_o, dim=1, name='%st%d'%(self._output_prefix, i)) for i, (l_o, r_o) in enumerate(zip(l_outputs, reversed_r_outputs))] if valid_length is not None: outputs = _mask_sequence_variable_length(F, outputs, length, valid_length, axis, merge_outputs) states = l_states + r_states return outputs, states